Vaginal Yeast Infection: 9 Surprising Causes You Need to Know
Vaginal yeast infection, also known as vulvovaginal candidiasis, is a common issue that many women face. In fact, about two out of three women will experience the itching, burning, soreness, and unusual discharge associated with a yeast infection at least once in their lifetime. Despite how common they are, many women are unaware of what causes these infections or how to prevent them.
The vagina is home to hundreds of microorganisms, including bacteria and yeast. One type of yeast, Candida albicans, is usually present in small amounts and doesn’t cause problems. However, when the balance of microorganisms is disrupted, Candida can overgrow, leading to a yeast infection. This overgrowth can cause symptoms like itching, irritation, a burning sensation, swelling, and thick, white, odor-free discharge.
1. Taking Antibiotics
Antibiotics are lifesavers for treating bacterial infections, but they can also disrupt the balance of bacteria in your vagina. This disruption can allow yeast to overgrow and cause an infection. If you need to take antibiotics, consider pairing them with a probiotic supplement containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, a beneficial bacteria that supports vaginal health. Eating yogurt with live active cultures can also help.
2. Wearing Pantyliners Daily
Many women wear pantyliners every day to stay fresh, but this habit can backfire. Pantyliners are often made from synthetic materials that restrict airflow, creating a warm, moist environment that yeast loves. Additionally, they can cause irritation, which weakens the skin’s natural defenses. If you must use pantyliners, opt for breathable, cotton-based options and change them frequently.
3. Not Changing Tampons or Pads Often Enough
Yeast thrives in moist environments, and tampons and sanitary pads can trap moisture. During your period, it’s essential to change these products regularly, especially in warmer weather. Prolonged use can create the perfect conditions for a yeast infection.
4. Eating Too Much Sugar
Your diet plays a bigger role in vaginal health than you might think. Consuming too much sugar can cause spikes in blood sugar levels, creating an environment where yeast thrives. While sugary treats like ice cream and cake are obvious culprits, even seemingly healthy options like fruit and fruit juices are packed with natural sugars. Pair these with caffeine, and your blood sugar levels can fluctuate dramatically, especially in the morning when they’re already low. To reduce your risk, consider cutting back on sugary foods and drinks.
5. Wearing Tight Underwear
Snug, synthetic underwear can trap heat and moisture, creating an ideal environment for yeast. To reduce your risk, choose breathable, cotton underwear and avoid wearing tight clothing for extended periods. Sleeping without underwear a few nights a week can also help your vaginal area “breathe” and stay dry.
6. Using Scented Feminine Hygiene Products
While it might be tempting to use scented products to feel fresh, these can actually harm your vaginal health. Scented washes, wipes, sprays, and bubble baths can alter the natural acidity of your vagina, making it easier for yeast to grow. Instead, stick to gentle, unscented soaps and avoid douching, which can disrupt the vaginal microbiome.
7. Using Spermicides
Spermicides, often found in condoms and diaphragms, can irritate the vaginal lining and reduce its natural immunity. This irritation can make it easier for yeast to overgrow. If you frequently experience yeast infections and use spermicide-based products, consider switching to spermicide-free alternatives.
8. Hormonal Birth Control
Hormonal birth control methods, such as the pill, patch, or vaginal ring, can increase your risk of yeast infections. These methods contain synthetic hormones that disrupt your body’s natural hormonal balance, creating conditions where yeast can thrive. If you suspect your birth control is contributing to recurrent infections, talk to your healthcare provider about alternative options.
9. Receiving Oral Sex
Oral sex can introduce yeast into the vaginal area, especially if your partner carries yeast in their mouth. Saliva can also irritate the vaginal lining, making it easier for yeast to adhere and grow. If you notice a pattern of infections after oral sex, consider discussing it with your partner and exploring ways to reduce the risk.
How to Prevent and Treat Yeast Infections
Yeast infections can be uncomfortable and disruptive, but the good news is that there are effective ways to prevent them and manage symptoms when they occur. Whether you’re prone to recurrent infections or simply want to reduce your risk, these steps can help keep your vaginal health in check.
How to Prevent Yeast Infections
Preventing yeast infections starts with maintaining a healthy balance of vaginal flora and avoiding conditions that promote fungal overgrowth. Here’s what you can do:
- Maintain a balanced diet: Eating too much sugar and refined carbohydrates can contribute to yeast overgrowth. Try to keep your blood sugar levels stable by limiting sugary foods and processed carbs. Instead, focus on a diet rich in whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats, and fiber.
- Choose breathable fabrics: Tight-fitting clothing and synthetic underwear can trap moisture and create the perfect environment for yeast to thrive. Opt for breathable cotton underwear and avoid wearing damp clothes, such as swimsuits or sweaty workout gear, for extended periods.
- Practice good hygiene: Use mild, unscented soap and warm water to clean the vaginal area. Avoid douching, as it can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria and yeast, increasing the risk of infections. Also, steer clear of scented feminine hygiene products, including wipes and sprays.
- Change menstrual products regularly: Tampons, pads, and menstrual cups can create a moist environment that encourages yeast growth if left in place for too long. Change tampons and pads frequently, at least every 4-6 hours, and clean menstrual cups thoroughly between uses.
- Consider probiotics: Probiotics, either through supplements or foods like yogurt with live active cultures, may help maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome. Some strains of Lactobacillus bacteria are known to support vaginal health by keeping yeast growth in check.
- Manage stress and get enough sleep: Chronic stress and lack of sleep can weaken your immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off infections, including yeast infections. Aim for at least 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night and practice stress-reducing techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises.
- Use protection during sex: Yeast infections are not classified as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but sexual activity can sometimes trigger an overgrowth of yeast. Using condoms can help reduce irritation and prevent the transfer of bacteria that could lead to infections.
How to Treat Yeast Infections
If you develop a yeast infection, prompt treatment can help relieve symptoms and prevent complications. Here are some of the most effective treatment options:
- Over-the-counter antifungal treatments: Many mild yeast infections can be treated with antifungal creams, ointments, or suppositories available at pharmacies. These treatments, containing active ingredients like miconazole or clotrimazole, are typically applied inside the vagina for several days.
- Oral antifungal medication: For more persistent or severe infections, an oral antifungal pill like fluconazole (Diflucan) can be prescribed. This one-time dose is often effective, but some cases may require a second dose a few days later.
- Prescription treatments: If you experience recurrent yeast infections (four or more per year) or have an infection that doesn’t respond to OTC treatments, your healthcare provider may recommend a longer course of antifungal medication.
- Home remedies: While some women try natural treatments like yogurt, coconut oil, or boric acid suppositories, there is limited scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness. If considering alternative treatments, consult your doctor first to ensure safety.
For persistent or frequently recurring infections, it’s essential to see a healthcare provider to rule out underlying conditions such as diabetes or immune system disorders. Identifying the root cause can help prevent future infections and ensure effective treatment.
Conclusion
Vaginal yeast infections are a common but manageable condition. By understanding the surprising causes, from diet and hygiene habits to birth control and sexual activity, you can take steps to reduce your risk. If you experience frequent or severe infections, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice. With the right knowledge and care, you can maintain your vaginal health and avoid the discomfort of yeast infections.
